第十讲 长句的处理（一）

The proposition(主张、建议、提议） which I mean to maintain as the basis of the liberty of the press, and without which it is an empty sound, is this: that every man, not intending to mislead but seeking to enlighten others with what his own reason and conscience（良心、良知）, however erroneously（错误地）, have dictated（颁布、命令） to him as truth, may address himself to the universal reason of a whole nation either upon the subject of government in general, or upon that of our own particular country: that he may analyze the principles of its constitution（组成、政体、结构）, point out its errors and defects, examine and publish its corruption, warn his fellow-citizens against their ruinous consequences, and exert his whole faculties in pointing out the most advantageous changes in establishments which he considers to be radically defective, or sliding from their object by abuse.

1. 随着时代的进步，文人所写的句子越来越短。 P. 46

2. 遇到英语长句，尤其是结构比较复杂的长句，要多读几遍，要分析语法，不要头晕头痛，要多动脑筋。请看教材第47页的第一个例句。

3．除了过去已学过的一些翻译方法外，还可以用“调整语序”和“调整长度”的方法来加以 处理。

Here at home in England, under the fire of the Germans, we do not forget the ties and links that unite us to France, and we are persevering steadfastly and in good heart in the cause of European freedom and fair dealing for the common people of all countries, for which, with you, we drew the sword. 我们在英国本土，虽然处于德国鬼子炮火之下，并没有忘记我们和法国是通过种种纽带连接在一起的。为了争取欧洲的自由，为了各国的平民能受到公平的对待，我们曾与你们一道拿起武器并肩作战。现在，我们正抖擞精神，不屈不挠地坚持着这个斗争。

在翻译时，我们把for which从句的译文放到前面去，这就是调整语序，我们把句子断开，译成三个句子，这就是调整长度。

再看教材第46页的第一个例句。

使用这两种方法，翻译时就可能出现下面的情况： 1． 2． 3． 4．

保持原来语序 改变原来语序 拆开原有句子 合并原有句子

本节课只讲保持原来语序和改变原来语序。 一、 原序 1．

The global economy that boomed in the 1960s, growing at

an average of 5.5% a year, and pushed ahead at a 4.3 per-cent- a - year rate in the mid-1970s, simply stopped growing in 1981 --- 1982. 2．

The message of “Moscow years” seems to be that,

…… 此处隐藏120字 ……

** 在改变语序方面最重要的是定语语序的变化。英语中后置的定语短语和定语从句译成汉语时，往往变为放在中心词的前面。 1. The battle-scarred old communists who once made stormy revolution unfurled a passionate blueprint today for a modern, peaceful and prosperous China.

曾进行过暴风骤雨般革命的、身上有战争伤疤的老共产党人，今天展示了一幅建设一个和平、繁荣、现代中国的充满热情的蓝图。

2. Einstein’s equations indicated that when a star several times larger than the sun exhausts its nuclear fuel and collapse, its matter crushes together at its center with such force that it forms a singularity, an infinitely dense point with no dimensions and irresistible gravity.

3.爱因斯坦的方程式表面，当一个比太阳大几倍的星球毫尽其核燃料而塌缩时，其物质以极大的力量挤压聚集在星球中心，结果形成一个奇点，即是一个没有体积而密度无限大、具有不可抗拒的引力的点。

3．The British queue up and the Americans wait in line, except for New Yorkers, who wait on line. ** 变序的第二个方面是状语的语序变化。

1. For the next day and a half, when it was obvious that Israel had no intention of complying, Mrs. Kirkpatrick said, Israelis could not be obliged to withdraw, if the Palestinian forces and Syrians were not withdrawn as well. 此后的一天半，以色列不打算执行安理会决议之心已经昭然若揭，这时，。。。便说，如果巴勒斯坦和叙利亚部队不一并撤出的话，就不能要求以色列撤军。