考研 英语 语言学

The traditional Subject-Predicate distinction may over-lap with that between the Theme-Rheme,but they are not always the same.

Look at the following examples:

a) Jane stands on the table.

Subject Predicate

Theme Rheme

b)On the table stands Jane.

Predicate Subject

Theme Rheme

Another verson of the same analysis is carried out in terms of Communicative Dynasmism ,CD for short,proposed by Firbas.By CD, Firbas means the extent to which the senence element contributes to the development of the communication.

Firbas defined FSP as the distribution of various degrees of CD.In his view,the initial elements of a sequence carry the lowest degree of CD and with each step forward,the degree of CD becomes incremental till the element that carries the highest.

传统语法中主语----谓语的区别可能和主位----述位重叠，但他们并不总是一致的。看下面的例子：

a) 简 站在桌子上。

主语 谓语

主位 述位

b)桌子上站着 简。

谓语 主语

主位 述位

这种分析法的另一种版本是交际能力。它是由费尔巴斯首次提出的。费尔巴斯用交际动力表示句子成分对交技发展所起的作用。

费尔巴斯把功能句子观解释为不同程度的交际力的分布。他认为，句子前面部分承载的交际力最低，然后逐步增加，直到交际力最大的成分。

3.The London School

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1)Introduction

The London school refers to the kind of linguistic scholarship in England.J.R.Firth turned linguistics proper into a recognized distinct academeic subject in Britain.Firth,under the influence of the anthropolosgist B;Malinowski,influenced his student M.A.K.Halliday.They all stressed the importance of context of situation and the system aspect of language.Thus,London School is also known as systemic linguistics and functional linguistics.

3.伦敦学派

1）简介

伦敦学派专门用来称呼独具英国特色的语言学研究。J.R.弗斯使语言学在英国完全成为一门公认的科学。弗斯主要受人类学家B.马林诺夫斯基影响，而他又影响了他的学生M.A.K.韩礼德。三人都强调“语言环境”和语言“系统”的重要性。因此，伦敦学派也被称为系统语言学和功能语言学。

2）Malinowski’s Theories

Though a professor of Anthropology,Malinowski made great contributions concerning the functions of language,According to him:

1. Language is a mode of action,rather than a counterpart of thought.