考点3 主旨大意题
A
(2018·北京，A)
My First Marathon(马拉松)
A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet，I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my 7th year in school.In my first P．E.class，the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball.I didn’t do either well.He later informed me that I was “not athletic”.
The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years.When I started running in my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself，not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of wills！
The night before my marathon，I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line.I woke up sweating and nervous，but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line，my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied.So I stopped to readjust.Not the start I wanted！
At mile 3，I passed a sign： “GO FOR IT，RUNNERS！”
By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.Despite the pain，I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile 21，I was starving！
As I approached mile 23，I could see my wife waving a sign.She is my biggest fan.She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a．m.or questioned my expenses on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished！And I got a medal.In fact，I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
Determined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者不畏艰难，挑战自我，坚持跑完马拉松，实现了一次从自我砥砺到自我认知的人生“长跑”的励志故事。素材的选择旨在向考生传递积极的价值观：只要勇于挑战，拼搏进取，人人皆为胜者。
? A month before the marathon，the author __C__ . A．was well trained C．made up his mind to run
B．felt scared D．lost hope
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1．文章主旨大意题→寻找主题句，归纳概括
关键词：☆分析文章结构，判断文章体裁 ☆识别段落主题句，归纳总结 ☆注意转折、疑问、重复等关键信息
文章的主旨是通过段落来表达的，而段落的大意主要由主题句来体现，所以，段落的主题句就是文章主旨的组成部分。因此，识别各段落的主题句并由此归纳出文章的主旨是解题的关键。
不同体裁的文章，其主题句出现的位置不同。议论文往往在第一段提出观点，中间是论据部分，最后一段得出结论，因此主题句往往在首段或者末段；说明文的主题句往往在首段；新闻报道主题句往往在首段的首句；记叙文一般没有明显的主题句，需要根据文中叙述的内容和线索来概括文章大意，如果结尾部分是说理性的句子，那这个句子很有可能就是主题句。
寻找主题句时，要注意以下小技巧：①转折词语后面的部分，有可能是主题句；②段首出现疑问时，回答部分可能是主题句；③作者有意识重复强调的观点，往往是主旨；反复出现的词语，往往是体现主旨的关键词；④表示总结或者结论的句子常包含therefore，in short，conclude，thus等。
典例 (2018·全国Ⅰ，C)
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years，but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter－gatherers，small，tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each